Diabetes drug linked to lower risk of dementia

New research highlights additional benefits of GLP-1 medication

A popular medication often used for type 2 diabetes and medical weight loss appears to do more than just regulate blood sugar. A large-scale study, published in The Lancet (2025), found that older adults with diabetes who used this medication long-term had a lower risk of dementia than patients who didn't.

The research briefly explained

Researchers followed thousands of elderly people with type 2 diabetes for years. They examined the use of GLP-1 receptor agonists , a group of medications increasingly used for both weight loss and diabetes. The results were striking: patients using this treatment were less likely to develop dementia than those using other therapies.

Why would this drug protect the brain?

Although more research is needed, there are several possible explanations for why GLP-1 medications may have a positive effect on brain health:

• It reduces inflammation processes in the body and brain.

• It supports metabolism and blood flow in the brain.

• It promotes weight loss and better blood sugar levels , which indirectly protects the brain:

  • People with diabetes and obesity have a higher risk of dementia, partly due to damage to small blood vessels in the brain, insulin resistance and chronic inflammation.

  • Significant weight loss (often 10–15% of body weight) and more stable blood sugar levels reduces the risk of complications such as high blood pressure, atherosclerosis and strokes.

  • These improvements contribute to healthier blood flow to the brain. This can not only reduce memory problems but also slow the process of general cognitive decline .
    
    

Relevance for people with diabetes and obesity

This is good news for people with type 2 diabetes and obesity. It shows that the benefits of GLP-1 medication can extend beyond just weight loss or blood sugar control. It may also contribute to better long-term cognitive health .

It's important to note that this study doesn't mean everyone should simply start taking these medications. Treatment should always be carefully coordinated with a doctor, depending on your personal health situation.

Conclusion

The research suggests that GLP-1 medication may not only be effective for weight loss and diabetes management, but may also help reduce the risk of dementia. This makes the treatment particularly attractive for patients seeking better overall health.

For more information, please find the link to the scientific article here.